中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2023, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (9): 1869-1875.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.366496

• 综述:脑损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

诱导朊病毒蛋白脱落作为在大脑病理状态下神经保护和再生途径:从理论到事实

  

  • 出版日期:2023-09-15 发布日期:2023-03-03

Inducing prion protein shedding as a neuroprotective and regenerative approach in pathological conditions of the brain: from theory to facts

Andreu Matamoros-Angles1, #, Behnam Mohammadi1, #, Feizhi Song1, Mohsin Shafiq1, Santra Brenna2, Berta Puig2, #br# Markus Glatzel1, Hermann C. Altmeppen1, *#br#   

  1. 1Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany; 2Department of Neurology, Experimental Research in Stroke and Inflammation (ERSI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
  • Online:2023-09-15 Published:2023-03-03
  • Contact: Hermann C. Altmeppen, Dr.rer.nat., h.altmeppen@uke.de.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by funding from the Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Foundation, Inc. (USA), the Alzheimer Forschung Initiative (AFI e.V.; Germany), the Werner-Otto-Stiftung (Hamburg, Germany) (all to HCA), the China Scholarship Council (to FS), European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement N°101030402 (to AMA), and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Collaborative Research Center (CRC) 877 “Proteolysis as a regulatory event in pathophysiology” (to MG).

摘要: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9439-6533 (Hermann C. Altmeppen)

Abstract: In the last decades, the role of the prion protein (PrP) in neurodegenerative diseases has been intensively investigated, initially in prion diseases of humans (e.g., Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease) and animals (e.g., scrapie in sheep, chronic wasting disease in deer and elk, or “mad cow disease” in cattle). Templated misfolding of physiological cellular prion protein (PrPC) into an aggregation-prone isoform (termed PrP “Scrapie” (PrPSc)), self-replication and spreading of the latter inside the brain and to peripheral tissues, and the associated formation of infectious proteopathic seeds (termed “prions”) are among the essential pathogenic mechanisms underlying this group of fatal and transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Later, key roles of the correctly folded PrPC were identified in more common human brain diseases (such as Alzheimer’s disease or Parkinson’s disease) associated with the misfolding and/or accumulation of other proteins (such as amyloid-β, tau or α-synuclein, respectively). PrPC has also been linked with neuroprotective and regenerative functions, for instance in hypoxic/ischemic conditions such as stroke. However, despite a mixed “bouquet” of suggested functions, our understanding of pathological and, especially, physiological roles played by PrPC in the brain and beyond is certainly incomplete. Interactions with various other proteins at the cell surface or within intracellular compartments may account for the functional diversity linked with PrPC. Moreover, conserved endogenous proteolytic processing of PrPC generates several defined PrPC fragments, possibly holding intrinsic functions in physiological and pathological conditions, thus making the “true and complete biology” of this protein more complicated to be elucidated. Here, we focus on one of those released PrPC fragments, namely shed PrP (sPrP), generated by a membrane-proximate ADAM10-mediated cleavage event at the cell surface. Similar to other soluble PrPC fragments (such as the N1 fragment representing PrP’s released N-terminal tail upon the major α-cleavage event) or experimentally employed recombinant PrP, sPrP is being suggested to act neuroprotective in Alzheimer’s disease and other protein misfolding diseases. Several lines of evidence on extracellular PrPC (fragments) suggest that induction of PrPC release could be a future therapeutic option in various brain disorders. Our recent identification of a substrate-specific approach to stimulate the shedding by ADAM10, based on ligands binding to cell surface PrPC, may further set the stage for research into this direction. 

Key words: ADAM10, aggregation, Alzheimer’s disease, amyloid, antibodies, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, enzymatic cleavage, extracellular vesicles, neurodegeneration, neurotoxicity, proteolytic processing, stroke, transmissible spongiform encephalopathies