Neural Regeneration Research ›› 2017, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (5): 714-722.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.206634

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MRI analysis and clinical significance of lower extremity muscle cross-sectional area after spinal cord injury

Robert M. Lester1, Kori Johnson1, Refka E. Khalil1, Rehan Khan3, Ashraf S. Gorgey1, 2   

  1. 1 Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Center, Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical Center (VAMC), Richmond, VA, USA; 2 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; 3 Radiology Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical Center (VAMC), Richmond, VA, USA
  • Received:2017-04-25 Online:2017-05-15 Published:2017-05-15
  • Contact: Ashraf S. Gorgey, M.P.T., Ph.D., ashraf.gorgey@va.gov.
  • Supported by:

    The work is supported by the Department of Veteran Affairs, Veteran Health Administration, Rehabilitation Research and Development Service (B7867-W).

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Abstract:

Shortly after spinal cord injury (SCI), the musculoskeletal system undergoes detrimental changes in size and composition, predominantly below the level of injury. The loss of muscle size and strength, along with increased immobility, predisposes persons with SCI to rapid and severe loss in bone mineral density and other health related consequences. Previous studies have highlighted the significance of measuring thigh muscle cross-sectional area, however, measuring the size and composition of muscles of the lower leg may provide insights on how to decrease the risk of various comorbidities. The purpose of the current review was to summarize the methodological approach to manually trace and measure the muscles of the lower leg in individuals with SCI, using magnetic resonance imaging. We also intend to highlight the significance of analyzing lower leg muscle cross-sectional area and its relationship to musculoskeletal and vascular systems in persons with SCI.

Key words: spinal cord injury, magnetic resonance imaging, pressure ulcers, venous thromboembolism, cardiovascular disease, bone health