Abstract: Oligodendrocytes are one of the most abundant cell types in the central nervous system (CNS) and act in close contact with neurons to assist with their cellular function and health (Kuhn et al., 2019). Oligodendrocytes play particular roles in rapid nerve impulse conduction through the wrapping of their myelinating projections around a nerve axon, as well as by offering trophic and metabolic support for the high energy expenditure of neurons. Additionally, oligodendrocytes have been found to regulate axonal health directly or indirectly by monitoring immune networks between glia and neurons. Unlike neurons, apoptotic mature oligodendrocytes can be replaced via differentiation from a pool of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Proliferative OPCs remain within the CNS throughout adulthood (Yalcin and Monje, 2021) and function as more than just a progenitor pool to replace lost myelinating oligodendrocytes. OPCs have been shown to interact with other oligodendrocytes, neurons, astrocytes, and microglia, and have roles in myelin maintenance, synaptic formation, blood-brain barrier support, and immune responses (Yalcin and Monje, 2021). These intercellular interactions, in addition to their capacity to become myelinating oligodendrocytes, could make OPCs an intriguing target for therapeutic intervention in demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, and other neurodegenerative disorders with recent reports of white matter abnormalities and oligodendrocyte dysfunction (Philips et al., 2013; Ferrari Bardile et al., 2019; Errea and Rodriguez-Oroz, 2021; Kenigsbuch et al., 2022; Schuster et al., 2022).