Abstract: Visual system is vital to human beings. Unfortunately, the optic nerve lacks the ability to regenerate after injury. Therefore, long-distance regeneration of the optic nerve is a major unsolved medical problem in the world (Laha et al., 2017). Recently, Li and So groups’ study showed that the bioactive material (ciliary neurotrophic factor [CNTF]-chitosan) could promote long-distance regeneration of the completely transected optic nerve in adult rats and partially restored the visual functions (Liu et al., 2023). This study sheds light on the clinical potential for repairing the severely injured optic nerve.