Abstract: The study of the brain and its complex functions is highly fascinating and, at the same time, extremely important. Indeed, furthering our understanding of the biology of neurons and synapses is a prerequisite to uncover the mechanisms involved in memory formation and the coordination of movement as well as their alterations occurring in several neurological disorders. Synapses are specific anatomical structures regulating the correct interaction and function of our neurons and, ultimately, of our brains. Synapses are responsible for the accurate transmission of information from one neuron to another; they are complex though extremely dynamic, and one neuron can form new synapses or eliminate old ones enhancing or reducing the connectivity with another or more neurons, the so-called synaptic plasticity. An important task associated with synapses and their plasticity is the formation and storage of new memories; this event involves specific brain areas including the entorhinal cortex and the hippocampus, which are mainly affected by Alzheimer’s disease (AD).