Abstract: Tissue regeneration maintains homeostasis and preserves the functional features of each tissue. However, not all tissues show a strong repairing capacity. This is the case of the central nervous system. It is now well established that the generation of new functional neurons from stem cells in the adult brain occurs in specific regions of the brain of different species such as rodents, birds, primates, and humans (Eriksson et al., 1998). The brain areas in which neurogenesis occurs are referred to as neurogenic niches, regions in which neural stem cells (NSC) are surrounded by cells and signaling molecules that lead their fate toward mature neurons. Two main neurogenic niches have been thoroughly described in adult rodents: the subventricular zone and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus (DG). NSC in the adult DG remain mainly in a quiescent non-proliferative state (qNSC) and are able to generate neurons through a complex hierarchical process that involves the activation of neural stem cells, the generation of undifferentiated progenitors, and the origination of immature neurons that differentiate into mature functional neurons. Newly generated neurons migrate short distances from the subgranular zone to the granular layer, where through their axons, they integrate into pre-existing circuits by establishing connections with CA3 and CA2 regions. These neurons participate in several tasks that involve the hippocampus such as memory consolidation, spatial and temporal pattern discrimination, or forgetting, among others.