Abstract: Myelin is the protective sheath surrounding nerve fibers, and its damage (demyelination) occurs in many central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS), traumatic injury, neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, and mental disorders such as schizophrenia (Barateiro et al., 2016). Repair of damaged myelin sheaths (remyelination) often fails in MS, leading to neuronal loss and irreversible functional deficits. Remyelination involves the activation and recruitment of adult oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), the residential stem cells in CNS, which eventually differentiate into new mature oligodendrocytes and form new myelin sheaths on demyelinated axons. Promoting remyelination emerges as a potentially effective clinical intervention for a broad range of demyelinating diseases such as progressive MS (Franklin and Ffrench-Constant, 2017). Currently, there is no treatment directly promoting remyelination in the clinic.