Abstract: Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system. They act as the first line of defense against pathogens and play essential roles in neuroinflammation and tissue repair after brain insult or in neurodegenerative and demyelinating diseases (Borst et al., 2021). Together with infiltrating monocytederived macrophages, microglia also play a critical role for brain tumor development, since immunosuppressive interactions between tumor cells and tumor-associated microglia and macrophages (TAM) are linked to malignant progression. This mechanism is of particular relevance in glioblastoma (GB), the deadliest form of brain cancer with a median overall survival of less than 15 months (Khan et al., 2023). Therefore, targeting microglia and macrophage activation is a promising strategy for therapeutic interference in brain disease.