Abstract: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal, lateonset neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the motor cortex, brainstem, and spinal cord (Feldman et al., 2022). ALS affects approximately 1.68 per 100,000 individuals worldwide, although its incidence varies across different populations (Feldman et al., 2022). The initial clinical manifestations typically include muscle twitching and weakness, which progressively lead to impairments in speech, swallowing, and respiration. Additionally, approximately half of ALS patients experience cognitive decline or behavioral changes, underscoring the broad spectrum of disease symptoms. The intricate interplay between genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and aging contributes to ALS pathogenesis, posing significant challenges for the development of effective therapies. Thus, a deeper understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying ALS is essential for identifying targeted therapeutic strategies.