Abstract: Multipotent stromal cells, otherwise known as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), have been widely studied for their regenerative potential across multiple tissues, including the nervous system (Caplan, 2017). Reports suggesting that MSCs can differentiate into neurons and glia spurred optimism towards their future therapeutic application in nervous system disorders. Despite extensive research, however, the precise cellular mechanisms underlying their neural differentiation potential are unclear (George et al., 2019). Nevertheless, MSCs have been utilized in hundreds of clinical trials for neural regeneration following stroke, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease among others (Andrzejewska et al., 2021). Albeit, MSCs appear to exert therapeutic effects without explicit cell engraftment, informing the prevailing hypothesis that they act via a ‘hit and run’ mechanism to stimulate regeneration of host tissues via their secretome, exosomes, or other pathways, rather than integrating into the regenerated tissue themselves (Caplan, 2017).