Abstract: Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social interaction challenges, restricted and repetitive behaviors or interests, and communication difficulties. Emerging evidence suggests that disruptions in myelin, the fatty substance that insulates nerve fibers, may play a significant role in shaping the behavioral characteristics observed in individuals with autism spectrum disorder, particularly those related to social behavior. This article provides an overview of current understanding of the interplay between white matter and myelin deficits, social behavior, and autism spectrum disorder. As such, it aims to deepen our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of autism spectrum disorder and potentially contribute to the development of more targeted interventions and support strategies for individuals affected by the disorder.

Key words: autism spectrum disorder, myelination, neurodevelopment, social behavior, white matter