Abstract: The role of microRNAs in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, non-coding and short RNA nucleotides that regulate gene expression through base pairing with the targeted messenger RNA (mRNA) at the 3′untranslated region (3′ UTR). Thus, miRNAs play fundamental role in the inhibition or degradation of messenger RNAs (Gebert and MacRae, 2019). Two ribonuclease (RNase) III enzymes control the biogenesis of miRNAs; Drosha and Dicer. The first step in the biogenesis includes the cleavage of primary miRNAs (pri-miRNAs) in cell nucleus by Drosha, which leads to the formation of short stem-loop pre-miRNAs. Subsequently, these pre-miRNAs are transported to the cytoplasm and further processed by Dicer resulting in mature miRNAs (O’Brien et al., 2018).