Abstract: In vitro models have tremendously revolutionized cell biology and biomedical research, reducing the need for in vivo experiments, as well as offering the simplified models for easier investigations at molecular and cellular level (for example genetic manipulations, electrophysiological measurements, drug screening etc.). However, the major challenge is to develop long-surviving in vitro preparations of post-mitotic cells such as neurons or cardiocytes. To overcome the problem of neuronal inability to proliferate, the immortalized cell lines derived from neuronal tumors have been prepared. Such secondary neuronal cultures are restricted to neuroblastoma-like cells, but their biological relevance is often questionable due to genetic drift and lack of mature, differentiated neuronal phenotypes, which makes primary cultures the better choice. Mammalian central nervous system (CNS) in vitro primary cell cultures are mostly prepared from the late embryonic or early postnatal mice and rats. Other mammalian species have been less used, meaning that inter-species diversity is not sufficiently investigated and that the additional comparative analyses are required to avoid misinterpretations in translating the knowledge to humans (Bonfanti and Peretto, 2011).