Neural Regeneration Research ›› 2018, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (3): 373-385.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.228711

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 Cerebral ischemia and neuroregeneration

Reggie H. C. Lee1, 2, Michelle H. H. Lee4, Celeste Y. C. Wu1, 2, Alexandre Couto e Silva3, Harlee E. Possoit1, 2, Tsung-Han Hsieh1, 2,Alireza Minagar1, Hung Wen Lin1, 2, 3, 5   

  1. 1 Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
    2 Center for Brain Health, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
    3 Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
    4 Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, China
    5 Cardiovascular and Metabolomics Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, China
  • Received:2018-02-01 Online:2018-03-15 Published:2018-03-15
  • Contact: Hung Wen Lin, Ph.D.,hlin2@lsuhsc.edu.
  • Supported by:

    This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke grant 1R01NS096225-01A1, the American Heart Association grants AHA-13SDG1395001413, AHA-17GRNT33660336, AHA-17POST33660174, the Louisiana State University Grant in Aid research council, and The Malcolm Feist Cardiovascular Research Fellowship.

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Abstract:

Cerebral ischemia is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although stroke (a form of cerebral ischemia)-related costs are expected to reach 240.67 billion dollars by 2030, options for treatment against cerebral ischemia/stroke are limited. All therapies except anti-thrombolytics (i.e., tissue plasminogen activator) and hypothermia have failed to reduce neuronal injury, neurological deficits, and mortality rates following cerebral ischemia, which suggests that development of novel therapies again st stroke/cerebral ischemia are urgently needed. Here, we discuss the possible mechanism(s) underlying cerebral ischemia-induced brain injury, as well as current and future novel therapies (i.e., growth factors, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, melatonin, resveratrol, protein kinase C isozymes, pifithrin, hypothermia, fatty acids, sympathoplegic drugs, and stem cells) as it relates to cerebral ischemia.

Key words: cerebral ischemia, melatonin, resveratrol, protein kinase C, pifithrin-α, fatty acids, sympathetic nervous system, neuromodulation therapy, traditional Chinese therapies, stem cell