Abstract:

Contusion spinal cord injury (SCI) is a major medical and socio-economic problem globally. The incidence of SCI is highest among young adults due to motor vehicle accidents, military or sports injuries, and violence. The elderly and children are also at risk due to falls and accidents. SCI causes neurodegeneration, with profound loss of locomotor and sensory functions. Pain and depression are also prevalent in a majority of SCI patients. Expenses for severe SCI are high: initial hospitalization, rehabilitation, and most likely the continuing need for a caregiver and medical care. SCI survivors with less severe injuries usually face lower but still hefty medical bills. However, people ≥ 50 years old with severe SCI may face medical expenses of over $1.8 million during their lifetimes. These injuries also affect spouses and family members, emotionally and financially, and most injuries jeopardize employment for those affected. In sum, SCI has a lifelong effect on many people; it represents a major challenge for successful health care management.