Abstract: Neurodegenerative diseases and oxidative stress: During the metabolic processes, O2 can accept unpaired electrons to form superoxide radical species (O2•–), which are able to generate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with a fast dismutation, therefore increasing the hydroxyl radical (HO•) levels. These species and other radicals (•OOH, ROO•, RO•, CO3•–), which can be produced through a sequence of reactions, constitute the designated reactive species of oxygen (ROS). Oxidative stress is caused by a disequilibrium between the ROS produced and the antioxidant defence against them (catalase enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidases, in addition to other non-enzymatic antioxidants, such as α-tocopherol, ascorbic acid and carotenes). The consequences of oxidative stress are the increase in the formation of oxidized cellular macromolecules, the activation of phagocytes, the release of cytokines or the activation of oncogenes. These processes lead to different pathologies in humans, such as carcinogenesis, inflammatory illnesses, diabetes type II, cellular senescence and different neurodegenerative diseases (Zhao et al., 2019). The brain is prone to oxidative stress since neurons consume large amounts of oxygen (20% of oxygen uptake when brain accounts for only 2% of body weight) due to the high rate of energy consumption (4 × 1012 ATP/min) to maintain neuronal intracellular ion homeostasis (Miller et al., 2017). Furthermore, neural mitochondria generate large amounts of hydrogen peroxide compared to skeletal muscle mitochondria. Additionally, neuronal membranes have high concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids like arachidonic acid, docosahexaenoic acid or eicosapentaenoic acid; all of them with unsaturated double bonds which are susceptible to oxidation, giving rise to lipid hydroperoxides as the primary oxidation products. Thus, unsaturated lipid peroxidation also contributes to the progression of disbalanced redox homeostasis, generating reactive oxygen species. The effects of oxidative stress are implicated in the progression of several neurodegenerative diseases: chronic diseases like Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s diseases, acute injury of the brain like brain trauma or cerebral ischemia, and psychiatric disorders like depression, schizophrenia or autism (Chen et al., 2012).