Abstract: Peripheral nerve injury is a common cause of morbidity, which affects millions of people worldwide. The peripheral nervous system, differently from the central nervous system, has an intrinsic ability to regenerate after injury. However, in most cases the regenerative outcome is not completely satisfactory, in particular for long-gap peripheral nerve injuries in which the microsurgical approach is not possible. In these cases, the current research effort is mostly aimed at the identification of pharmacological and/or cell therapy approaches that, coupled with the use of biomaterial conduits, provide scaffold, mechanical support and guidance to the regeneration process, and can increase regeneration speed and efficiency (Faroni et al., 2015).