Abstract: The complex challenges of studying neurochemistry: Neurochemistry comprises the molecular and biochemical roles of a vast variety of chemical compounds, including amino acids, peptides, gaseous molecules, and small molecules such as monoamines, which are crucial for the physiology of neurons, synapses and neural networks. Prominent neurochemical agents of the nervous system are the monoamines dopamine and serotonin. They are commonly associated with well-being and happiness but this perception is misleading since both molecules execute very complex and diverse physiological functions in the nervous system and in other tissues (Berger at al., 2009; Meiser et al., 2013).