Abstract: Glaucoma is currently the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. Due to aging societies the number of patients suffering from this disease will further increase in the next years. Unfortunately, glaucoma can remain asymptomatic until it is rather far progressed, hence about 10–50% of patients are unaware they suffer from this disease. Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy associated with changes at the optic nerve head, gradual retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death, and visual field loss. High intraocular pressure (IOP) is the main risk factor, but the exact pathomechanism of glaucoma remains unexplained to date. In addition to mechanical damage due to increased IOP, which can injure axons and disrupt the ocular blood flow, numerous other factors have been recorded that contribute to the development of glaucoma. In recent years, the role of the immune system has come into focus as a possible contributor to glaucoma pathology. The involvement of immunological changes in glaucoma disease is based on the detection of altered antibody titer in serum samples of primary open-angle or normal-tension glaucoma patients and tear film samples of primary open-angle glaucoma patients. Affected patients showed antibodies against proteins such as heat shock protein (HSP)60, HSP27, or S100B (Grus et al., 2010; Bell et al., 2013).