Abstract: Axon regeneration requires protein synthesis and membrane expansion. The presence of granular material was discovered in the perikaryon of neurons but not axons using Nissl staining (Gomes, 2019). This is one of the characteristic features of neurons and we now know that RNA content of the granular material stains with Nissl stain. Although no Nissl granules are present in axons, mRNA can be shuttled to distal axons for local protein synthesis. Axonal protein synthesis only makes up a small portion as the majority occurs in the perikaryon. The required membrane expansion and protein synthesis machinery are still present in the adult central nervous system (CNS) axon. It is conceivable that regeneration of severed or dysfunctional axons, such as those present after traumatic optic nerve or spinal cord injury and due to elevated intraocular pressure in glaucoma, occurs with possible membrane sealing, growth cone formation, and membrane expansion (Meehan et al., 2021). Axon sealing after injury as well as growth are likely to be mediated by membrane expansion (Pfenninger et al., 2003). The majority of membrane biogenesis and de novo lipid synthesis occurs in the neuron’s perikaryon. Vesicles are formed through the native secretory pathway and subsequently transported anterogradely to the distal axon for insertion. Vesicles can be seen accumulating at the growth cone’s transitional zone, likely waiting for a regulatory signal to begin membrane fusion.