Abstract: The nervous system is a highly complex organization composed of its basic unit, the neuronal cells, and specialized supporting cells, the glial cells. The main glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) are astrocytes, microglia and oligodendrocytes. Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cell type in the CNS, and they are mainly responsible for the maintenance of neurons. Microglial cells are the most important immune cells in the nervous system and are activated in response to damage and inflammation. Oligodendrocytes produce myelin sheaths wrapping the axons of neurons in the CNS, thus isolating them from the environment and allowing more efficient propagation of action potentials. Normally, neurons and glial cells work together in a balanced and controlled way to maintain a homeostasis. However, under pathological conditions of the nervous system, this coherence between neurons and glial cells can be destroyed, leading to impairments in its function.