Abstract: Neurological diseases remain the largest cause of death and disability. The discovery of effective therapies is chiefly hindered by the lack of realistic neurological models. Unlike other tissues, it is infeasible or unethical to access primary human neural samples in bulk. But animal models often fail to replicate the complex human-specific neuronal factors present in vivo. Conventional in vitro cultures lack native three-dimensional (3D) morphologies, polarity, and receptor expression, as well as tissue-level interactions (Jensen et al., 2018).