Abstract: Human spinal cord injury (SCI) results in locomotor and sensory disabilities, which severely affect the quality of life. To restore function after SCI, it is necessary to repair and reconstruct the damaged local circuitry. Major hurdles in neural regeneration include a limited level of neurogenesis in the adult spinal cord and an inflammatory microenvironment that inhibits neurogenesis and axon regeneration. In addition, neurons lost to injury are never replaced. Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) persist in the adult spinal cord and represent a potential cell source for tissue repair/regeneration after injury, and they are heterogeneous populations with a limited capacity to replenish the lost neuronal population (Hachem et al., 2020; Llorens-Bobadilla et al., 2020). Traumatic injury activates NSPCs in the central nervous system (CNS). However, injury-induced NSPCs largely differentiate into glial cells, i.e., astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, which contribute to glial scar formation. Promoting endogenous NSPCs to differentiate into functional neurons by transcription factors for regeneration and restoration of local neural circuitry is an emerging approach to develop therapeutics for traumatic CNS injury and neurodegenerative disorders.