Neural Regeneration Research ›› 2023, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (3): 657-663.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.350212

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A hyaluronic acid granular hydrogel nerve guidance conduit promotes regeneration and functional recovery of injured sciatic nerves in rats

Jie Yang1, #, Chia-Chen Hsu2, #, Ting-Ting Cao1, Hua Ye2, 3, *, Jing Chen4, *, Yun-Qing Li1, 4, 5, 6, *   

  1. 1Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China; 2Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; 3The Oxford Suzhou Centre for Advanced Research (OSCAR), Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China; 4Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China; 5Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research and Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, China; 6Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan Province, China
  • Online:2023-03-15 Published:2022-08-28
  • Contact: Yun-Qing Li, PhD, deptanat@fmmu.edu.cn; Jing Chen, PhD, chenjing@fmmu.edu.cn; Hua Ye, PhD, hua.ye@eng.ox.ac.uk.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Nos. 81620108008 (to YQL), 31971112 (to YQL), 82071373 (to JC) and Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi, No. 2021TD-57 (to YQL).

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Abstract: A hyaluronic acid granular hydrogel can promote neuronal and astrocyte colony formation and axonal extension in vitro, suggesting that the hydrogel can simulate an extracellular matrix structure to promote neural regeneration. However, in vivo experiments have not been conducted. In this study, we transplanted a hyaluronic acid granular hydrogel nerve guidance conduit to repair a 10-mm long sciatic nerve gap. The Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan locomotor rating scale, sciatic nerve compound muscle action potential recording, Fluoro-Gold retrograde tracing, growth related protein 43/S100 immunofluorescence staining, transmission electron microscopy, gastrocnemius muscle dry/wet weight ratio, and Masson’s trichrome staining results showed that the nerve guidance conduit exhibited similar regeneration of sciatic nerve axons and myelin sheath, and recovery of the electrophysiological function and motor function as autologous nerve transplantation. The conduit results were superior to those of a bulk hydrogel or silicone tube transplant. These findings suggest that tissue-engineered nerve conduits containing hyaluronic acid granular hydrogels effectively promote the morphological and functional recovery of the injured sciatic nerve. The nerve conduits have the potential as a material for repairing peripheral nerve defects. 

Key words: functional recovery, granular hydrogel, hyaluronic acid, myelin sheath, nerve conduit, nerve regeneration, peripheral nerve regeneration, sciatic nerve injury, tissue engineering, transection injury