Abstract: Decades of research in glial biology have investigated mechanisms of neuro-glial interplay, demonstrating that neurons and glia intimately cooperate for energy metabolism in the central nervous system (CNS) (Magistretti and Allaman, 2018). As neurons invest their adenosine triphosphate in the neurotransmission, glial cells work to support neurons, providing metabolic substrates. Astrocytes, in particular, contribute largely to energy metabolism in CNS: they sense and shuttle nutrients (e.g., glucose and lipids) and hormones (e.g., insulin), accumulate and utilize glycogen for brain demands, influencing their own metabolism and neuronal activity by lactate transport (astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle).