Abstract: Deleterious inflammatory cell invasion has been implicated in neurological diseases, partly manifesting as a leaky blood-central nervous system barrier (BCNSB) (Huang et al., 2021). Uncovering the perturbations of the neurovascular unit (NVU) may reveal the role of detrimental pro-inflammatory cells and signaling molecules in disrupting the central nervous system immune-privileged environment. The NVU includes the central nervous system, BCNSB, and surrounding vasculature, allowing for a tightly modulated exchange of oxygen and nutrients, while prohibiting unwanted peripheral signals (Iadecola, 2017). The protective properties of the NVU are reliant upon functional neurons, glial cells, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, pericytes, and a basement membrane (Monsour et al., 2022). In numerous brain disease processes, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson’s disease (PD), ischemic stroke, and traumatic brain injury (TBI), the components of the NVU and their functions are impaired, resulting in a leaky BCNSB permitting inflammatory cell entry into the central nervous system (Table 1 and Figure 1).