Abstract: In neurodegenerative and classically demyelinating disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS), spinal cord injury (SCI), stroke, and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, glial functioning is compromised and nervous tissue integrity is lost. Recently, primary neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are increasingly linked to impaired oligodendroglia functioning upon neurodegeneration. Due to the destructive micro-environment created by nervous tissue damage, the progressive cellular loss in these disorders, and the amitotic nature of neurons, spontaneous endogenous repair process are limited in nature. Hence, there is a medical need for efficient therapeutic strategies capable of supporting neuro-reparative processes to occur, likely supported by improved oligodendroglia cell functioning.