Abstract: For decades, the immune system has been associated with host protection against infectious pathogens or tumors, while also contributing to autoimmunity. Notwithstanding, this paradigm is now changing, with recent studies highlighting novel roles for immune mediators in the maintenance of steady-state tissue homeostasis. In this perspective, we review some of the latest findings featuring immune modulators of the nervous system pathophysiology, with a special focus on interleukin (IL)-17.