Abstract: Neurological disorders, including developmental disorders, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and psychiatric conditions, have significant social and economic impacts globally. Despite extensive research into the underlying mechanisms of these disorders, effective treatments remain elusive, partly due to the complexity of the brain, the limited availability of human brain tissue, and the blood-brain barrier (BBB)’s impermeability to certain drugs. This perspective article discusses the potential of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based models of brain cells, organoids, assembloids, and BBB to advance our understanding of the etiology, progression, and mechanisms of brain injuries induced by alcohol consumption and general anesthesia. These models could also be used to develop protective and therapeutic approaches.