Abstract: Glucose is the primary fuel source of the brain, and therefore glucose levels need to be tightly regulated and maintained within a small physiological range. Certainly, the body necessitates a stable supply of energy mainly provided by glucose for various bodily functions. High or low blood glucose levels would impair the physiological functions of various organs of the body. Prolonged high blood glucose (i.e., hyperglycemia) would cause damage to the blood vessels, nerves, and other organs (e.g., heart, kidneys, and eyes). Low blood glucose (i.e., hypoglycemia) would undermine brain functions and lead to seizures, loss of consciousness, and other serious complications including death.