Abstract: Introduction: Astrocytes, the predominant glial cell in the brain, play a vital role in a plethora of central nervous system functions. They are the major storage site of glycogen in the central nervous system. They produce L-lactate by glycogenolysis and glycolysis which is then transported to neurons (Magistretti and Allaman, 2018). Multiple evidence using diverse behavioral paradigms, such as fear conditioning, conditioned place avoidance, rat gambling task (RGT), and flavor-place paired associate (PA) learning suggest that L-lactate has a beneficial effect on various aspects of cognition (Wang et al., 2017; Akter et al., 2023b). While the molecular mechanisms underlying the cognitive benefits of L-lactate are still emerging, it is well-established that astrocytic L-lactate can be used as an energy substrate by neurons and can induce N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-dependent plasticity-driven gene expression during cognition (Magistretti and Allaman, 2018). Additionally, recent evidence has revealed more roles of L-lactate which include myelination, neuronal mitochondrial biogenesis, and antioxidant defense (Sanchez-Abarca et al., 2001; Ichihara et al., 2017; Akter et al., 2023a, b). Myelin in the central nervous system is a specialized lipid-rich membrane formed by oligodendrocytes. It ensheathes axons and facilitates the fast and synchronized transfer of information between neurons. Multiple studies, as reviewed by (Xin and Chan, 2020), have suggested that oligodendrocytes and myelin play an important role in modulating cognitive functions such as motor learning, spatial learning, and fear learning. By synthesizing recent evidence, this perspective posits that astrocytic L-lactate-mediated cognitive enhancement, particularly schema memory and decision-making, may be mediated by myelination facilitated by L-lactate.