Neural Regeneration Research ›› 2024, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (6): 1262-1276.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.386406

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Amyloid-beta and tau protein beyond Alzheimer’s disease

Morteza Abyadeh1, Vivek Gupta2, Joao A. Paulo3, Arezoo Gohari Mahmoudabad1, Sina Shadfar2, Shahab Mirshahvaladi2, #br# Veer Gupta4, Christine T.O. Nguyen5, David I. Finkelstein6, Yuyi You2, Paul A. Haynes7, Ghasem H. Salekdeh7, Stuart L. Graham2, Mehdi Mirzaei2, *#br#   

  1. 1ProGene Technologies Pty Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia; 2Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia; 3Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; 4School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia; 5Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and  Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; 6The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; 7School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
  • Online:2024-06-15 Published:2023-11-17
  • Contact: Mehdi Mirzaei, PhD, Mehdi.mirzaei@mq.edu.au.

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Abstract: The aggregation of amyloid-beta peptide and tau protein dysregulation are implicated to play key roles in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis and are considered the main pathological hallmarks of this devastating disease. Physiologically, these two proteins are produced and expressed within the normal human body. However, under pathological conditions, abnormal expression, post-translational modifications, conformational changes, and truncation can make these proteins prone to aggregation, triggering specific disease-related cascades. Recent studies have indicated associations between aberrant behavior of amyloid-beta and tau proteins and various neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as retinal neurodegenerative diseases like Glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration. Additionally, these proteins have been linked to cardiovascular disease, cancer, traumatic brain injury, and diabetes, which are all leading causes of morbidity and mortality. In this comprehensive review, we provide an overview of the connections between amyloid-beta and tau proteins and a spectrum of disorders.

Key words: amyloid-beta, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurodegeneration, Tau, traumatic brain injury