Abstract: Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a common type of focal epilepsy characterized by seizure foci within the temporal lobes. While surgical resection of the foci is an established and effective approach for controlling seizures, both temporal lobes cannot be removed, due to their prominent roles in learning and memory. Additionally, seizures induce changes to the temporal lobes that contribute to hyperexcitability, including mossy fiber sprouting, astrogliosis, granule cell (GC) dispersion, and loss of amma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic interneurons (Swartz et al., 2006; Ammothumkandy et al., 2022).