Abstract: Over 55 million people globally live with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or related dementias (ADRD) and the number is expected to double every twenty years. Until recently, only symptomatic treatments were available to patients with AD, including acetylcholine esterase inhibitors, of which the last one, galantamine, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2001, and the noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, memantine, approved in 2003. Thus, for nearly 20 years, despite numerous clinical trials, the landscape for developing new therapy looked barren and grim (Cummings et al., 2022). Then, in June 2021, FDA granted accelerated approval to aducanumab (AduhelmTM), an anti-amyloid-β (Aβ) monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting “protofibrils”, which were described in the 1990s (Walsh et al., 1997) and shown later to be key neurotoxins. Aducanumab became the first approved drug addressing the underlying pathology of AD, albeit with substantial adverse effects. Due to the side effects and relatively weak efficacy data, the FDA approval was highly controversial (Kuller and Lopez, 2021): Ten of the eleven members of the scientific advisory committee voted against approval and the eleventh voted uncertain. Following the FDA’s decision, three committee members quit in protest.