Neural Regeneration Research ›› 2024, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (11): 2430-2443.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.391313

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Emerging strategies for nerve repair and regeneration in ischemic stroke: neural stem cell therapy

Siji Wang1, Qianyan He1, Yang Qu1, Wenjing Yin1, Ruoyu Zhao1, Xuyutian Wang3, Yi Yang1, 2, *, Zhen-Ni Guo1, 2, *   

  1. 1Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China; 2Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China; 3Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
  • Online:2024-11-15 Published:2024-03-29
  • Contact: Yi Yang, PhD, yang_yi@jlu.edu.cn; Zhen-Ni Guo, PhD, zhen1ni2@jlu.edu.cn,
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81971105 (to ZNG); the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province, No. YDZJ202201ZYTS677 (to ZNG); Talent Reserve Program of the First Hospital of Jilin University, No. JDYYCB-2023002 (to ZNG); the Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, No. 2022JBGS03 (to YY); Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province, Nos. YDZJ202302CXJD061, 20220303002SF (to YY); and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory, No. YDZJ202302CXJD017 (to YY).

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Abstract: Ischemic stroke is a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide, with limited treatment options available in clinical practice. The emergence of stem cell therapy has provided new hope to the field of stroke treatment via the restoration of brain neuron function. Exogenous neural stem cells are beneficial not only in cell replacement but also through the bystander effect. Neural stem cells regulate multiple physiological responses, including nerve repair, endogenous regeneration, immune function, and blood-brain barrier permeability, through the secretion of bioactive substances, including extracellular vesicles/exosomes. However, due to the complex microenvironment of ischemic cerebrovascular events and the low survival rate of neural stem cells following transplantation, limitations in the treatment effect remain unresolved. In this paper, we provide a detailed summary of the potential mechanisms of neural stem cell therapy for the treatment of ischemic stroke, review current neural stem cell therapeutic strategies and clinical trial results, and summarize the latest advancements in neural stem cell engineering to improve the survival rate of neural stem cells. We hope that this review could help provide insight into the therapeutic potential of neural stem cells and guide future scientific endeavors on neural stem cells.

Key words: bystander effect, cell replacement, extracellular vesicles, ischemic stroke, neural stem cells, neural stem cell engineering