Abstract: Peripheral nerves are essential components of the human body’s communication system, transmitting signals between the central nervous system and various body parts. Damage resulting from trauma or disease can result in debilitating sensory and motor deficits. Nerve injuries, particularly those resulting in significant gaps in the nerve tissue, pose a formidable challenge for clinicians and researchers. Despite their limitations, including limited availability and donor site morbidity, nerve autografts remain the clinical gold standard for treating nerve injuries. Tissue engineering seeks to provide an alternative to the autograft with the fabrication of nerve repair constructs. These constructs have the potential to overcome the limitations of the autograft while still harnessing autograft biology with aligned biomaterials and therapeutic cells. A crucial aspect of nerve tissue engineering is the establishment of vascularization within the regenerating nerve tissue. This process plays a pivotal role in providing oxygen and nutrients to implanted cells, ensuring their long-term survival. Over recent years, it has become ever more apparent that the role of blood vessels in nerve regeneration extends beyond vascularization. Blood vessels, and the endothelial cells that form the vessel inner lining, serve prominent structural, regulatory, and modulatory roles in nerve regeneration (Shen et al., 2004; Cattin et al., 2015; Grasman and Kaplan, 2017; Witjas et al., 2019; Fornasari et al., 2022; Huang et al., 2023). The exploitation of this knowledge has led to the development of various effective nerve injury treatments in animal models (Muangsanit et al., 2021; Thibodeau et al., 2022; Huang et al., 2023). Therefore, the intricate interplay between vascularization and nerve tissue engineering could be the key to improving engineered nerve repair constructs.