Abstract: The retina plays a fundamental role in the process of vision, serving as the primary interface between external visual stimuli and the central nervous system. Because the retina is exposed to a variety of environmental stresses and deleterious insults, it is susceptible to a spectrum of pathological conditions that can detrimentally affect vision. This often leads to irreversible vision loss due to the injury of specific cell types. For instance, inherited retinal degeneration and age- related macular degeneration can lead to the death of photoreceptors, while conditions like glaucoma and optic nerve injury can result in the loss of ganglion cells. The precise pathological mechanisms driving retinal degeneration remain largely elusive, although research utilizing mouse models suggests that disruptions in intracellular signal transduction pathways may play a pivotal role. Signaling pathways within the retina orchestrate various aspects of retinal physiology, including phototransduction, synaptic transmission, and neuronal survival. Among these pathways, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling emerges as a central mechanism for coordinating pro-survival responses to a variety of insults.