Abstract: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF): MIF acts as a pleiotropic inflammatory mediator, playing regulatory roles in innate and adaptive immunity, neuroinflammation, neuroendocrine functions, and nervous system development (Matejuk et al., 2024). In recent years, MIF has attracted significant interest from research groups as a potential target for the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and glioblastoma (Matejuk et al., 2024). Due to its complex biological functions, recent findings suggest that MIF may play contrasting roles in the pathophysiology of various neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, a precise understanding of MIF’s roles in these diseases could provide crucial insights into better monitoring and potentially treating these conditions.