Neural Regeneration Research ›› 2025, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (11): 3209-3210.doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-00733

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Reassessing the AMPK-MTORC1 balance in autophagy in the central nervous system

Marta García-Juan, Mario Villa, Irene Benito-Cuesta, Lara Ordóñez-Gutiérrez, Francisco Wandosell*   

  1. Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), Nicolas Cabrera 1, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (García-Juan M, Ordóñez-Gutiérrez L, Wandosell F) Fisiología Animal, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (Villa M) Department of Clinical Neuroscience, CMM Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset Solna, Stockholm, Sweden (Benito-Cuesta I) Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (Ordóñez-Gutiérrez L) Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain (Ordóñez-Gutiérrez L, Wandosell F)
  • Online:2025-11-15 Published:2025-02-23
  • Contact: Francisco Wandosell, PhD, fwandosell@cbm.csic.es.
  • Supported by:

    We thank Sergio Rivas (PhD; CBM-UAM & CIBERNED, Spain) and Maria Jose Perez (PhD; UAM-CBM, Spain) for the work and their helpful discussions along these years. 

    This work was supported by Grants from Spanish FEDER/Science and Innovation Ministry I + D + i-RETOS-PID2021-124801NB-I00; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED; an initiative of the ISCIII) [PI2016/01]; and institutional grants from the Fundación Ramón Areces and Banco Santander to the CBMSO (to FW).

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Abstract: Autophagy is a cellular degradation and recycling system, indispensable for cellular and organ development, homeostasis, and function. This cellular process is evolutionarily highly conserved to quality control of many proteins and dysfunctional organelles, which finally recycle components as amino acids. This process is effective during normal physiology as part of anabolism and plays an additional important role during starvation (Dikic and Elazar, 2018). Different types of autophagy have been characterized based on their dynamic, mechanism of action, target substrates, and protein markers. Some of them are macroautophagy (hereafter called “autophagy”), microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy (Fleming et al., 2022).