Abstract: The immune system has been attracting increasing attention in the field of chronic neurological disorders in the central nervous system (CNS). Autoreactive T cells targeting CNS antigens play a crucial role in the development of various autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Moreover, T cells are now recognized as a pivotal contributor to the pathology of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and multiple system atrophy. Among the diverse array of T cell subsets, resident memory T (Trm) cells are suspected to exert a substantial influence on the progression of these debilitating diseases. Trm cells are distinguished by their restricted localization within tissues and their unique transcriptomic signature. This perspective aims to elucidate the current understanding of Trm cells in CNS disorders and to explore future directions in this rapidly evolving field.