Abstract: The hippocampus is part of the brain limbic system and plays an important role in learning and memory. Moreover, its ability to form, consolidate, and retrieve different types of memories makes it a central component in the cognitive functions necessary for everyday life. Understanding the role of the hippocampus helps comprehend how memories are created, stored, and recalled and sheds light on the impact of hippocampal damage in conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia. Optogenetics and chemogenetics are powerful tools that have been used to investigate the role of the hippocampus in learning and memory by allowing precise control and manipulation of specific neural circuits within the brain. While optogenetics utilizes light pulses to control light-sensitive ion channels (opsins), chemogenetics employs a designer drug to modulate designer receptors exclusively activated by the designer drug. These tools have significantly advanced our understanding of the role of the hippocampus in learning and memory by enabling researchers to unravel the complex interactions within the hippocampus that underlie cognitive functions. Further, these techniques allow researchers to manipulate and observe the effects of specific neural activities, thereby providing a deeper understanding of the mechanisms through which the hippocampus supports learning, memory formation, and recall.