Abstract: Autophagy plays a crucial role in axon regeneration by maintaining cellular homeostasis and promoting the clearance of damaged organelles and proteins, which is essential for the growth and repair of axons. In response to axonal injury, autophagy is upregulated to facilitate the removal of cellular debris and support the recycling of essential components needed for regeneration. This process, known as bulk autophagy, not only helps mitigate damage but also provides the necessary building blocks for axonal repair. Moreover, our previous work suggests that in addition to bulk autophagy, selective autophagy can specifically target and degrade inhibitors of axon regeneration, thereby promoting axon regrowth (Ko et al., 2020). Understanding the regulation and function of autophagy in axon regeneration could provide valuable insights for developing therapeutic strategies to target autophagy in neurodegenerative diseases and nerve injuries.