Abstract: The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that plays a pivotal role in cellular growth, proliferation, survival, and metabolism. In the central nervous system (CNS), the mTOR pathway regulates diverse aspects of neural development and function. Genetic mutations within the mTOR pathway lead to severe neurodevelopmental disorders, collectively known as “mTORopathies” (Crino, 2020). Dysfunctions of mTOR, including both its hyperactivation and hypoactivation, have also been implicated in a wide spectrum of other neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative conditions, highlighting its importance in CNS health. Molecularly, mTOR functions as the catalytic subunit of two distinct complexes: mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). These two complexes are defined by their unique components and substrate specificities, which in turn activate distinct downstream signaling cascades that underpin their diverse roles in the CNS. mTORC1, characterized by the presence of RPTOR (Regulatory Associated Protein of MTOR complex 1), is known to govern protein synthesis and autophagy. In contrast, mTORC2, which contains RICTOR (RPTOR Independent Companion of MTOR complex 2), is less understood but is known to regulate the actin cytoskeleton and metabolism.