Abstract: Dicarbonyls are biologically active compounds characterized by the presence of two adjacent carbonyl groups within the same molecule. This unique structure determines their high reactivity, presenting the basis of their biological activity. Dicarbonyls can form glycation adducts with proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, which is why they have gained attention in diabetes research in recent years. Non-enzymatic glycation reactions occur in various tissues, leading to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and modifications that can alter the function of the affected biomolecules. In individuals with diabetes, elevated blood glucose levels lead to increased dicarbonyl production, contributing to complications associated with the disease. The most prominent and frequently investigated representatives of the dicarbonyl group are 3-deoxyglucosone, glyoxal, and methylglyoxal. These compounds and their respective AGEs have been associated, among others, with peripheral neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy (Singh et al., 2001). AGEs are known to promote inflammatory processes and oxidative stress by binding to the receptor for AGEs (RAGE), which exacerbates metabolic dysfunction in diabetes.