Abstract: Biological sex is increasingly recognized as a crucial factor in evaluating the translational value of preclinical spinal cord injury (SCI) studies. The rising incidence of SCI in females challenges the historical precedent of SCI being a maledominated condition. In contrast, most basic science researchers utilize single-sex studies to minimize complications associated with bladder care in males (Stewart et al., 2020). The findings of our recent publication identify sexually dimorphic immune responses to SCI in both mice and pigs (Kumari et al., 2025). Here, we will highlight these findings and discuss the impact of sex on SCI inflammation and recovery.