Neural Regeneration Research ›› 2023, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (7): 1441-1449.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.361536

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Epigenetic modifications and metabolic memory in diabetic retinopathy: beyond the surface

Dan-Dan Liu1, Chao-Yang Zhang2, 3, Jing-Ting Zhang2, 3, Li-Min Gu4, Guo-Tong Xu1, *, Jing-Fa Zhang2, 3, *   

  1. 1Department of Ophthalmology of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Eye Institute, Department of Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; 2Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People’s Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; 3National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine; Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China; 4Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Aier Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
  • Online:2023-07-15 Published:2023-01-11
  • Contact: Guo-Tong Xu, MD, PhD, gtxu@tongji.edu.cn; Jing-Fa Zhang, MD, PhD, 13917311571@139.com.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82171062 (to JFZ) and Aier Eye Hospital Group Scientific Research Fund, No. AF2101D8 (to LMG).

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Abstract: Epigenetics focuses on DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, noncoding RNAs, and other gene regulation mechanisms beyond the DNA sequence. In the past decade, epigenetic modifications have drawn more attention as they participate in the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy despite tight control of glucose levels. The underlying mechanisms of epigenetic modifications in diabetic retinopathy still urgently need to be elucidated. The diabetic condition facilitates epigenetic changes and influences target gene expression. In this review, we summarize the involvement of epigenetic modifications and metabolic memory in the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy and propose novel insights into the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. 

Key words: diabetic retinopathy, DNA methylation, epigenetics, histone modification, metabolic memory, M6A modification, non-coding RNAs, review