Abstract: Immune-mediated neuropathies are rare diseases of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), substantially affecting patients’ functionality and quality of life. They are amenable to immunomodulatory treatments, which in many cases stabilize disease progression, but long-term deficits persist in many patients. Such long-term deficits are particularly observed in monophasic autoimmune neuropathies like Guillain-Barré syndrome and also in chronic variants, e.g., chronic inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy (Fadia et al., 2019). In chronic immune neuropathies, we increasingly recognize a slowly progressing degeneration of neurons despite highly active immune therapies – a fact that has been re-discovered in multiple sclerosis, the prototypic central nervous system (CNS) immune disease.