Abstract: Oligodendrocytes (OLs), glial cells that provide myelin sheaths to axons in the central nervous system (CNS), have a dual role. First, this myelin fatty cover around the axons protects the nerves and is crucial for the saltatory propagation of action potentials. Second and not less important, OLs provide trophic support to neurons and axons. Thus, OL metabolism is important for OL well-being and the proper accomplishment of their functions, and OL metabolism energetics directly affect the energy metabolism of neighboring neurons.