Abstract: The differentiation of neuronal stem cells into mature neurons is a complex process that involves both structural and functional changes. As cells undergo differentiation, there are notable functional changes, including the expression of various transcription factors, cytokines, and neurotransmitters. Additionally, structural changes occur as the cells develop various processes from the cell body and establish synaptic contacts with other cells. The polarization of a mature neuron (Wilson et al., 2022) is crucial for its proper functioning. It possesses processes such as an axon, which transmits signals to other neurons, and dendrites, which receive signals through synaptic contacts, forming neural circuits. These structural arrangements play a vital role because the nervous system’s primary function is to enable an organism to perform specific tasks, relying on the connections and interactions among a group of neurons that form functional neural circuits. During development, an excess of neural cells is produced compared to the number of mature neurons present in fully developed brains. Neurons that fail to establish synaptic contacts with other neurons typically undergo cell death due to a lack of tropic support, resulting in their elimination from the nervous system. This highlights the significance of such connections in neuronal functions and viability. The formation of new neural circuits continues throughout life, particularly in brain regions associated with cognitive and motor functions.