Abstract: Aging, mitochondria, and neurodegenerative diseases: Aging is often viewed as the buildup of changes that lead to the gradual transformations associated with getting older, along with a rising likelihood of disease and mortality. Although organism-wide deterioration is observed during aging, organs with high metabolic demand, such as the brain, are more vulnerable. Consequently, most neurodegenerative diseases occur in the aged population. Even in the healthy brain, the normal aging process is associated with several features of the neurodegenerative process, including neuroinflammation, and brain shrinkage, with a progressive decline in physiological functions (Lee and Kim, 2022).